Articles on, about or relevant to Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language
(arranged alphabetically by author)


  • Ackermann, Diana, F., "Wittgenstein, Rules and Origin--Privacy", in Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research, 1, Autumn 83, pp. 63-69.
  • Aldridge, Virgil, C., "Kripke on Wittgenstein on Regulation", in Philosophy, 62, Jl 87, pp. 375-384.
  • Allen, Barry, "Gruesome Arithmetic: Kripke's Sceptic Replies", in Dialogue, 28, 1989, pp. 257-264.
  • Anscombe, G.E.M., "Review of Saul Kripke's Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language", in Ethics, 95 (January 1985), pp. 342-352.
  • Anscombe, G.E.M., "Critical Notice: Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language", in Canadian Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 15, No. 1, March 1985, pp. 103-9.
  • Armstrong, Benjamin, "Wittgenstein on Private Languages: It Takes Two to Talk", in Philosophical Investigations, 7, 1984.
  • Ayer, A.J., "Can There Be a Private Language?", in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society (Supplementary Vol)., 27, 1954.
  • Baker, G., and Hacker, P., "Critical Study: On Misunderstanding Wittgenstein: Kripke's Private Language Argument", in Synthese 58, 1984. The volume of Synthese in which this paper appears is an issue basically devoted to Kripke's book.
  • Baker, G., and Hacker, P., "Reply to Mr. Mounce", in Philosophical Investigations, 9:3 July 1986, pp. 199-204.
  • Baker, G., and Hacker, P., "Malcolm on Language and Rules", in Philosophy, 65, 1990, pp. 167-179.
  • Bar-On, Dorit, "On the Possibility of a Solitary Language", in Nous 26:1 (1992), pp. 27-46.
  • Blackburn, Simon, "The Individual Strikes Back", in Synthese 58, 1984.
  • Boghossian, Paul, "The Rule-Following Considerations," in Mind, 98, 1989, pp. 507-49.
  • Budd, Malcolm, "Wittgenstein on Meaning, Interpretation and Rules", in Synthese 58, 1984.
  • Burge, Tyler, "Individualism and the mental" in Midwest Studies in Philosophy, Vol. IV, P. French, et. al., (eds), (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1979).
  • Byrne, Alex, "On Misinterpreting Kripke's Wittgenstein" in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research Vol. LVI, No. 2, June 1996.
  • Canfield, John, "The Community View", in The Philosophical Review, 105, 1996, pp. 469-488
  • Carruthers, Peter, "Baker and Hacker's Wittgenstein", in Synthese 58, 1984, pp. 451-79.
  • Carruthers, Peter, "Ruling-Out Realism", in Philosophia (Israel), 15, S 85, pp. 61-78.
  • Champlin, T.S., "Solitary Rule-Following", in Philosophy, 67, 1992, pp. 285-306.
  • Chomsky, Noam, "Replies to George's and Brody's Reviews of Knowledge of Language", in Mind and Language, 2. Sum 87, pp. 178-197.
  • Coates, Paul, "Kripkes' Skeptical Paradox: Normativeness and Meaning", in Mind, 95, Ja 86, pp. 77-80.
  • Collins, Arthur, "On the Paradox Kripke Finds in Wittgenstein", in Midwest Studies in Philosophy, Vol. XVII, (Notre Dame: Notre Dame Press, 1992).
  • Craig, Edward, "Meaning and Privacy", in A Companion to the Philosophy of Language, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997).
  • Davidson, Donald, "The Second Person", in Midwest Studies in Philosophy, Vol. XVII, (Notre Dame: Notre Dame Press, 1992).
  • Davies, Stephen, "Kripke, Crusoe and Wittgenstein", in Australasian Journal of Philosophy 66, 1988.
  • Diamond, Cora, "Rules: Looking in the Right Place", in Wittgenstein: Attention to Particulars, D.Z. Phillips and P. Winch, (eds.), (Basingstoke, Hampshire, 1989), pp. 12-34.
  • Dummett, Michael, "Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Mathematics", in The Philosophical Review, Vol. LXVIII (1959), pp. 324-348.
  • Dummett, Michael, "Wittgenstein on necessity: some reflections", in Reading Putnam, Clark, P. and Hale, B. (eds.), (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1994).
  • Dwyer, Philip, "Freedom and Rule-Following in Wittgenstein and Sartre", in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 50, S 89, pp. 49-68.
  • Eldridge, Richard, "The Normal and the Normative: Wittgenstein's Legacy, Kripke, and Cavell", in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 46, Je 86, pp. 555-575.
  • Finkelstein, David H., "Wittgenstein on rules and platonism", in The New Wittgenstein (London: Routledge, 2000), pp. 53-73.
  • Forbes, Graeme, "Scepticism and Semantic Knowledge", in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 1983, 84, pp. 223-37.
  • Gauker, Christopher, "A New Skeptical Solution", in Acta Analytica, 1995, pp. 113-129.
  • Gellner, Ernest, "The Gospel According to Ludwig", in The American Scholar, Spring 1984, pp. 243-263.
  • Gellner, Ernest, "Sentiments and Sentences", in The New Republic, March 23, 1987.
  • Gilbert, Margaret, "On the Question Whether Language Has A Social Nature: Some Aspects of Winch and Others on Wittgenstein", in Synthese 56, S 83, pp. 301-318.
  • Gillett, Grant, "Humpty Dumpty and the Night of the Triffids: Individualism and Rule-Following", in Synthese, 105 (2), N95, pp. 191-206.
  • Ginet, Carl, "The Dispositionalist Solutions to Wittgenstein's Problem about Understanding a Rule: Answering Kripke's Objection", in Midwest Studies in Philosophy, Vol. XVII, (Notre Dame: Notre Dame Press, 1992).
  • Goldfarb, Warren, "Kripke on Wittgenstein on Rules", in Journal of Philosophy, 82, 1985, pp. 471-488.
  • Gottlieb, Diane F., "Wittgenstein's Critique of the "Tractatus" View of Rules", in Synthese 56, Ag 83, pp. 239-251.
  • Hacking, Ian, "Rules, Scepticism, Proof, Wittgenstein", in Exercises in Analysis: Essays by Students of Casimir Lewy, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985).
  • Hacking, Ian, "On Kripke's and Goodman's Uses of 'Grue'", in Philosophy, 68, 1993.
  • Hale, Bob, "Rule-following, objectivity and meaning", in A Companion to the Philosophy of Language, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997).
  • Hanfling, Oswald, "What does the Private Language Argument Prove?", in Philosophical Quarterly, 34, O 84, pp. 468-481.
  • Hanfling, Oswald, "Was Wittgenstein a Sceptic?", in Philosophical Investigations, 8:1, January 1985, pp. 1-16.
  • Heil, John, and Martin, C.B., "Rules and Powers", in Philosophical Perspectives, 12: Language, Mind and Ontology, (edited by James E. Tomerlin), pp. 283-312, (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1998).
  • Hoffman, Paul, "Kripke on Private Language", in Philosophical Studies, 47 (1985) pp. 23-28.
  • Horwich, Paul, "Critical Notice: Saul Kripke: Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language", in Philosophy of Science, 51 (1984), pp. 163-171.
  • Horwich, Paul, "Wittgenstein and Kripke on the Nature of Meaning", in Mind and Language, 5 (2), Sum 90, pp. 105-121.
  • Huff, Douglas, "Family Resemblances and Rule-Governed Behavior", in Philosophical Investigations, 4, 1981, pp. 1-23.
  • Humphrey, John, "Kripke's Wittgenstein and the Impossibility of Private Language: The Same Old Story?", in Journal of Philosophical Research, vol. xxi, 1996, pp. 197-207.
  • Humphrey, John, "Quine, Kripke's Wittgenstein, Simplicity and Sceptical Solutions", in The Southern Journal of Philosophy, vol. XXXVII, No. 1, March 1999.
  • Inwagen, Peter, "There is No Such Thing As Addition", in Midwest Studies in Philosophy, Vol. XVII, (Notre Dame: Notre Dame Press, 1992), pp. 138-159.
  • Kober, Michael, "Kripkenstein Meets the Chinese Room: Looking for the Place of Meaning from a Natural Point of View", in Inquiry, 41 (3), S 98, pp. 317-332.
  • Krebs, Victor, "Objectivity and Meaning: Wittgenstein on following rules", in Philosophical Investigations, 9:3 July 1986, pp. 177-186.
  • Kreisel, George, "Review of Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language", in Canadian Philosophical Reviews, December, 1983, pp. 287-289.
  • Kremer, Michael, "Wilson on Kripke's Wittgenstein", in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 60 (3), My 2000, pp. 571-584.
  • Landers, Scott, "Wittgenstein, Realism, and CLS: Undermining Rule Scepticism", in Law and Philosophy 9 (2), My 90, pp. 177-203.
  • Laurier, Daniel, "Le paradoxe de Wittgenstein et le communautarisme", in Dialogue (Canada), 39 (2), Spr. 00, pp. 263-278.
  • Lewis, Andrew, "Wittgenstein and Rule-Scepticism", in The Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 38, No. 152, pp. 280-304.
  • Maddy, Penelope, "Mathematical Alchemy", in British Journal of Philosophy of Science, 46, Je 86, pp. 555-575.
  • Malcolm, Norman, "Wittgenstein on Language and Rules" in Philosophy, 64, 1989.
  • Mannison, Don, "Hume and Wittgenstein: Criteria versus Skepticism", in Hume Studies 13, 1987.
  • Martin, C.B., and Heil, John, "Rules and Powers", in Philosophical Perspectives, 12: Language, Mind and Ontology, (edited by James E. Tomerlin), pp. 283-312, (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1998).
  • McDonough, Richard, "Wittgenstein's Refutation of Meaning-Scepticism", in Meaning Scepticism.
  • McDowell, John, "Non-cognitivism and Rule-Following", in Wittgenstein: To Follow A Rule.
  • McDowell, John, "Wittgenstein on Following a Rule", in Synthese 58, 1984.
  • McDowell, John, "Meaning and Intentionality in Wittgenstein's Later Philosophy", in Midwest Studies in Philosophy Vol. XVII, (Notre Dame: Notre Dame Press, 1992).
  • McDowell, John, "Intentionalilty and Interiority in Wittgenstein: Comment on Crispin Wright", in Meaning Scepticism.
  • McGinn, Marie, "Kripke on Wittgenstein's Sceptical Problem", in Ratio, 26, JE84, pp. 19-32.
  • Miller, Alexander, "Horwich, Meaning and Kripke's Wittgenstein", in Philosophical Quarterly, 50 (199), Ap 00, pp. 161-174.
  • Millikan, Ruth Garrett, "Truth, Rules, Hoverflies, and the Kripke-Wittgenstein Paradox", in Philosophical Review, 99 (3) Jl 90, pp. 323-353.
  • Minar, Edward, "Wittgenstein and the "Contingency" of Community", in Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 72, (1991), pp. 203-234.
  • Minar, Edward, "Paradox and Privacy: On §§201-202 of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations", in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 65 (1994).
  • Moser, Paul, and Flannery, Kevin, "Kripke and Wittgenstein: Intention without Paradox", in The Heythrop Journal, 26, 1985.
  • Moser, Paul, "Malcolm on Wittgenstein on Rules", in Philosophy, 66, 1991, pp. 101-105.
  • Moser, Paul, "Beyond the Private Language Argument", in Metaphilosophy, Vol. 23, 1992, pp. 77-89.
  • Mounce, H.O., "Following a Rule", in Philosophical Investigations, 9:3 July 1986, pp. 187-198.
  • Oderberg, David, S., "Kripke and "Quus"", in Theoria, 53, 1987, pp. 115-120.
  • Peacocke, Christopher, "Review of Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language", in The Philosophical Review, XCIII, No. 2 (April 1984).
  • Pettit, Philip, "The Reality of Rule-Following", in Mind, Vol. 99, 393, Jan. 1990, pp. 1-21.
  • Putnam, Hilary, "Analyticity and apriority: beyond Wittgenstein and Quine", in his Realism and Reason, Philosophical Papers, Volume 3 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983).
  • Putnam, Hilary, "On Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Mathematics", in Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volume, 70, 1996, pp. 243-264.
  • Read, Rupert, "The Unstatability of Kripkean Scepticisms", in Philosophical Papers, 24 (1), Ap 95, pp. 67-74.
  • Read, Rupert, "What 'There can be no such thing as meaning anything by any word' could possibly mean", in The New Wittgenstein (London: Routledge, 2000).
  • Rhees, Rush, "Can There Be A Private Language?", in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volume, XXVIII (1954).
  • Rudebusch, George, "Hoffman on Kripke's Wittgenstein", in Philosophical Research Archives, 12, 1986-7, pp. 177-182.
  • Sartorelli, Joseph, "McGinn on Concept Scepticism and Kripke's Sceptical Argument", in Analysis, 51 (2), Mr 91, pp. 79-84.
  • Scruton, Roger, "Critical Notice: Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language", in Mind, (1984), Vol. XCIII, pp. 592-602.
  • Searle, John, "Indeterminacy, Empiricism, and the First Person", in The Journal of Philosophy, 84, (1987), pp. 123-146.
  • Searle, John, "Skepticism about Rules and Intentionalilty", in Searle's Consciousness and Language (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
  • Shanker, Stuart, "Sceptical Confusions About Rule-Following", in Mind, (1984, Vol. XCIII, pp. 423-429).
  • Shogenji, Tomoji, "Boomerang Defense of Rule Following" in Southern Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 30, (1992), pp.115-122.
  • Shogenji, Tomoji, "Modest Scepticism About Rule-Following", in Australasian Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 71, (1993), pp. 486-500.
  • Shogenji, Tomoji, "The Problem of Rule-Following in Compositional Semantics" in Southern Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 33, (1995), pp. 97-108.
  • Smart, J.J.C., "Wittgenstein, following a rule, and scientific psychology", in The Scientific Enterprise, edited by E. Ullmann-Margalit, (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1992), pp. 123-137.
  • Soames, Scott, "Skepticism about Meaning, Indeterminacy, Normativity, and the Rule-Following Paradox", in Meaning and Reference, The Canadian Journal of Philosophy, Supp. Vol. 23, edited by Ali A. Kazmi, 1998.
  • Soames, Scott, "Facts, Truth Conditions, and the Skeptical Solution to the Rule-Following Paradox", in Philosophical Perspectives, 12: Language, Mind and Ontology, (edited by James E. Tomerlin), pp. 313-348, (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1998).
  • Stock, Guy, "Leibniz and Kripke's Sceptical Paradox", in Philosophical Quarterly, 38, Jl 88, pp. 326-329.
  • Stroud, Barry, "Wittgenstein and Logical Necessity" in The Philosophical Review, Vol. LXXIV, (1965), pp. 504-518.
  • Stroud, Barry, "Mind, meaning and practice", in The Cambridge Companion to Wittgenstein, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
  • Summerfield, Donna, M., "Philosophical Investigations 201: A Wittgensteinian Reply to Kripke", in Journal of the History of Philosophy 28 (July 1990).
  • Summerfield, Donna, M., "On Taking the Rabbit of Rule-following out of the Hat of Representation: A Response to Pettit's 'The Reality of Rule-following'", in Mind 99, (July 1990).
  • Suter, Ronald, "Saul Wittgenstein's Skeptical Paradox", in Philosophical Research Archives, Vol. XII, 1986-7.
  • Tait, W.W., "Wittgenstein and the 'Skeptical Paradoxes'", in Journal of Philosophy, 9, Sept. 1986, pp. 475-488.
  • Tanney, Julia, "Playing the Rule-following Game", in Philosophy, vol. 75, no. 292, Apr. 2000.
  • Teghrarian, Souren, "Wittgenstein, Kripke, and the 'Paradox' of Meaning", in Wittgenstein and Contemporary Philosophy (Bristol: Thoemes, 1994).
  • Temkin, Jack, "A Private Language Argument", in Southern Journal of Philosophy, 24, (1986).
  • Verheggen, Claudine, "Wittgenstein and 'Solitary' Languages", in Philosophical Investigations, 18, (4), Oct. 95, pp. 329-347.
  • Von Morstein, Petra, "Kripke, Wittgenstein and the Private Language Argument", in Grazer Philosophische Studien, 11, 1980, pp. 61-74.
  • Walton, D., and Strongman, K.T., "Neonate Crusoes, the private language argument and psychology", in Philosophical Psychology, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1998, pp. 443-465.
  • Williams, Meridith, "Wittgenstein on Representation, Privileged Objects and Private Language", in Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 13, Mr 83, pp. 57-78.
  • Williams, Meridith, "Blind Obedience: Rules, Community and the Individual", in Meaning Scepticism.
  • Wilson, George, M., "Kripke on Wittgenstein and Normativity", in Midwest Studies in Philosophy, Vol. XIX, (Notre Dame: Notre Dame Press, 1994).
  • Wilson, George, M., "Semantic Realism and Kripke's Wittgenstein", in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 58 (1), Mr 98, pp. 99-122.
  • Winch, Peter, "Critical Study: Facts and Superfacts", in The Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 133, Oct. 1983, pp. 398-404.
  • Wright, Crispin, "Rule-following, Objectivity and the Theory of Meaning", in Wittgenstein: To Follow A Rule.
  • Wright, Crispin, "Kripke's Account of the Argument Against Private Language", in Journal of Philosophy, 81, 1984, pp. 759-78.
  • Wright, Crispin, "Critical Notice", in Mind, Vol. xcviii, April, 1989); This paper is a rather caustic review of Colin McGinn's Wittgenstein on Meaning.
  • Wright, Crispin, "Wittgenstein's Rule-following Considerations and the Central Project of Theoretical Linguistics", in Reflections on Chomsky, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1989).
  • Wright, Crispin, "Wittgenstein on Mathematical Proof", in Wittgenstein: Centenary Essays, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992)
  • Wright, Crispin, "Wittgenstein's Later Philosophy of Mind: Sensation, Privacy and Intention", in Meaning Scepticism.  
  • Zalabardo, Jose L., "Rules, Communities and Judgement", in Critica, 21 (63), D 89, pp. 33-58.
  • Zalabardo, Jose L., "Kripke's Normativity Argument", in Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 27 (4), D 97, pp. 467-488.

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