Planning History

For a review, look at the first two chapters of the ICMA’s The Practice of Local Government Planning (2000).  For a short review, look at http://www.planning.org/pathways/default.htm

 

An idiosyncratic selection:

*      18th Century

*      Northwest Ordinance of 1785

*      Washington, DC Plan (Charles Pierre L’Enfant, 1790-1791)

*      19th Century

*      Public Health movement (19th Century)

*      Central Park, NYC (Frederick Law Olmstead)

*      Garden City (Ebenezer Howard, Tomorrow, 1898)

*      City Beautiful (Daniel Burnham, Columbian Exposition, 1893 in Chicago)

*      “Make no little plans.  They have no fire to stir men’s blood.”  Daniel Burnham

*      Jane Addams founds Hull House (1889)

*      20th Century

*      Burnham’s Plan for Chicago & Moody’s Manual (1909)

*      Robert Moses, “the Great Expediter,” plans New York public works (1920’s)

*      “If the ends don’t justify the means, then what the hell does?”  Robert Moses

*      Euclid v. Ambler Realty (1926)

*      Radburn, NJ (1928)  first US “Garden City”

*      Neighborhood Unit Principle (Clarence Perry, 1929)

*      Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 1933

*      Greenbelt Towns (1930’s)—Greenbelt, MD; Greenhills, OH; Greendale, WI (Greenbrook, NJ never built)

*      New towns (1950’s & 60’s)—Levittown, NY; Park Forest, IL; Reston, VA; Columbia, MD

*      Advocacy Planning (Paul Davidoff)

*      Sherry Arnstein’s “Ladder of Citizen Participation”

*      The Urban General Plan, TJ Kent (1964)

*      Design with Nature, Ian McHarg (1969)

*      US Housing Acts:  Every Act had two major goals; one has always been “to provide decent housing for all”; the other has been:

*      1949—urban renewal

*      1954—701 Comprehensive Planning grants

*      1966—Model Cities

*      1974—CDBG

*      1977—UDAG

*      HUD formed in 1965

*      A-95 Review (1969)

*      US Environmental Acts

*      1969—NEPA

*      1972—WPCA

*      1972—Coastal Zone Management Act

*      1991—ISTEA & T-21

*      3 concepts of spatial organization

*      concentric (Burgess, 1925)

*      sector (Hoyt, 1939)

*      multiple nuclei (Harris & Ullman, 1945)

 

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Last Updated:  3/12/02  AJF